Interested in how our analysis methods can benefit your civil engineering, architecture, or archaeology research? Whether you’re a student, a researcher, or a professor, we’ve put together some links to the most relevant application examples.
The materials researched and analytical equipment used in civil engineering and architecture often overlap with Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, and Materials Science and Engineering – so feel free to check out those pages for more information! Method abbreviations are explained at the bottom of this page.
Archaeological materials
The study of archaeological materials typically includes:
- Mineral chemistry for glasses, pottery, and pigments
- Metallurgy for coins and metallic artifacts
- Knowledge of all types of building materials
Here’s a selection of application notes and articles related to the study of Archaeological materials. Check them out to discover more!
Archaeological Materials | Method | Sample | Application Note Title (Link) |
|---|---|---|---|
Coins - metal composition | XRF | Archeological coin | Practical small spot mapping. Analysis of an archeological coin using SumXcore technology |
Mortar - composition | UV/Vis/NIR/ SWIR | Mortar in walls of Ruins of Pompeii, Italy | |
Paints - Identification | UV/Vis/NIR/ SWIR | Medieval and Renaissance illuminated manuscripts (10th-16th century) in the collection of the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge, UK | |
Paints - mineral compositions | XRD | Chemical and mineralogical changes to a wall painting in the St George fresco, Prague, Czech Republic cerussite, plattnerite, lead magnesium carbonate, calcite, hydrocerussite | |
Paints – mineral compositions | XRD | Study of pigments in a medieval parchment leaf using microdiffraction | Non-destructive, small-scale analysis of cultural heritage objects with Empyrean |
Building materials
In order to demonstrate compliance with building regulations and materials standards, both civil engineers and architects must have a strong understanding of their building materials, including:
- Materials science
- Mechanical properties
- Chemistry
- Processing requirements
Understanding of pre-manufacturing processes is also an important element in the drive to create building materials with a lower CO2 footprint.
Take a look at the application notes below for examples of how our solutions can help with this!
Building Materials | Method | Sample | Application Note Title (Link) |
|---|---|---|---|
Adhesives - resin loading in wood | UV/Vis/NIR/ SWIR | Resin loading in wood, wood adhesives, resin, wax, and moisture in OSB chips | |
Architectural marble fillers - particle size | LD | Marble Fillers/ calcium carbonate | Automated marble milling - better product quality, lower energy costs |
Asphalt emulsions - particle size, Zeta potential | LD / DLS / ELS | Asphalt emulsions (asphalt cement, water, emulsifier, additives) | Determining the quality of asphalt emulsions using particle size and zeta potential analysis |
Cement - accurate elemental analysis | XRF | Cement (SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, SO3, K2O, Na2O, TiO2, P2O2, ZnO, Mn2O3) | |
Cement - accurate elemental analysis | XRF | Cement (SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, SO3, K2O, Na2O, TiO2, P2O2, ZnO, Mn2O3) | Analysis of major and minor elements in cement pressed powders |
Cement - elemental analysis compliance with industry norms | XRF | Cement (SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, SO3, K2O, Na2O, TiO2, P2O2, ZnO, Mn2O3) | |
Cement - elemental analysis compliance with industry norms | XRF | Cement (SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, SO3, K2O, Na2O, TiO2, P2O2, ZnO, Mn2O3) | Compliance made easy and faster - ASTM C114-15 norm with SumXcore at 1 kW |
Cement - elemental analysis compliance with industry norms | XRF / SPE | Cement (SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, SO3, K2O, Na2O, TiO2, P2O2, ZnO, Mn2O3) | ASTM C114-15 and ISO 29581-2 compliance for cement fused beads in 10 minutes |
Cement - sample preparation and elemental composition | XRF / SPE | SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, SO3, K2O, Na2O, TiO2, P2O5, ZnO and Mn2O3 in cement | ASTM C114-15 and ISO 29581-2 compliance for cement fused beads |
Cement - sample preparation for XRF | SPE | Cement powder, lithium borate | |
Cement and Clinker Powders - particle shape and size | MDRS | Clinker and cement powders | Component-specific characterization of cements using Morphologi ID |
Cement Blending - mineralogical composition | XRD | Blended cement | |
Cement finishing - particle size | LD | Cement finishing | Reducing the cost of cement production through the use of automated process control |
Cement manufacture - CO2 reduction by accurate process control | XRD | Clinker and cement | Quick phase quantification of clinker and cement for environmentally friendly cement production |
Cement manufacture - on-line particle sizing | LD | Cement grains | |
Cement manufacture - on-line particle sizing | LD | Cement grains | |
Chlorine in Cement - Sample Preparation for XRF | SPE | Chlorine in Cement | Analysis of Chlorine in Cement and Cement Related Materials Using Borate Fusion and XRF Analysis |
Chlorine in concrete - concentration | UV/Vis/NIR/ SWIR | Chlorine in Concrete (raw material and bridge constructions) | Determination of chloride ion concentrations in concrete by means of near-infrared spectrometry |
Chromium in cement - crystalline phase analysis | XRD | Chromium phases in cement | |
Clinker - crystalline phase analysis | XRD | Clinker phases, slag, fly ash, pozzolan | |
Clinker - sample preparation for XRD | XRD | Clinker: Alite, Belite, Free Lime (CaO), Ferrite, Aluminate, | |
Clinker grinding - particle size | LD | Ground Clinker (Portland Cement, Raw Mix, calcium oxide, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, ferric oxide and magnesium oxide, clay, limestone + Calcium Sulphate) | Particle size analysis of cement using the technique of laser diffraction |
Clinker hydration kinetics - crystalline phase analysis | XRD | Clinker phases, minor phases - process of carbonization and hydration | |
Clinker manufacture - polymorph identification | XRD | M1 and M3 Polymorphs of Alite in Clinker | Quantification of the M1 and M3 polymorphs of alite in OPC clinker |
Clinker Manufacture, Raw Mix - elemental composition | XRF | Na2O, MgO, Al2O3, SiO2, SO3, Cl, K2O, CaO, TiO2, and Fe2O3 in raw mix | Fast raw mix analysis in compliance with GB/T19140-2003 and GB/T176-2008 |
Clinker Manufacture, Raw Mix - elemental composition | XRF | MgO, Al2O3, SiO2, SO3, Cl, K2O, CaO, TiO2, and Fe2O3 in raw mix, | |
Clinker manufacture, Raw Mix - sample preparation for XRF | SPE | Cement powder, lithium borate | Raw materials XRF application for the cement industry using a universal borate fusion methodology |
Concrete - crystalline phase analysis, porosity, density | XRD - CT | Concrete | |
Concrete - porosity measurement | CT | Porous Concrete | |
Fly ash - routine elemental analysis | XRF | Coal fly ash, calcium hydroxide (from Lime, or Portland cement) | |
Fly ash and slag additives - crystalline phase analysis | XRD | Replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) by partially supplementing Clinker with fly ash and slag | |
Mortar - elemental composition | XRF | Mortar: Ca, Si, Al, Fe, Na, K, Mg, S, Ti, Sr in Cement Paste | Examine reaction kinetics of mortar about 100 times faster with HiPer small spot mapping |
Explicação das abreviações
Nossos produtos e tecnologias são descritos nas páginas de Produtos. Abaixo, você encontrará uma referência rápida às propriedades medidas por nossos instrumentos, juntamente com o nome da medição e sua abreviação. Clique em cada método para saber mais sobre ele!
|
Abreviação |
Nome do método |
Instrumento(s) |
Propriedade medida |
|---|---|---|---|
|
DLS |
Zetasizer |
Tamanho molecular, raio hidrodinâmico RH, tamanho das partículas, distribuição de tamanho, estabilidade, concentração, aglomeração |
|
|
ELS |
Zetasizer |
Potencial zeta, carga de partículas, estabilidade da suspensão, mobilidade de proteínas |
|
|
ITC |
MicroCal ITC |
Afinidade de ligação, termodinâmica de reações moleculares na solução |
|
|
DSC |
Microcal DSC |
Desnaturação (desdobramento) de moléculas grandes, estabilidade de macromoléculas |
|
|
GCI |
WAVEsystem da Creoptix |
Cinética de ligação em tempo real e afinidade de ligação, sem rótulo, com fluidos |
|
|
IMG |
Morphologi 4
|
Formação de imagens de partículas, formato automatizado e medição de tamanho
|
|
|
MDRS |
Morphologi 4-ID |
Formação de imagens de partículas, medição automatizada da forma e do tamanho, identificação química e detecção de contaminantes |
|
|
LD |
Mastersizer Spraytec Insitec Parsum |
Tamanho das partículas, distribuição de tamanho |
|
|
NTA |
NanoSight |
Tamanho das partículas, distribuição de tamanho e concentração |
|
|
SEC ou GPC |
OMNISEC |
Tamanho molecular, peso molecular, estado oligomérico, tamanho de polímero ou proteína e estrutura molecular |
|
|
SPE |
Le Neo LeDoser Eagon 2 O OxAdvanced M4 rFusion |
Preparação da amostra fundida para XRF, preparações de solução de peróxido para ICP, pesagem de fluxo para preparação de amostra fundida |
|
|
UV/Vis/NIR/SWIR |
Espectrometria infravermelha de ondas curtas/ultravioletas/visíveis/próximas a infravermelho |
LabSpec FieldSpec TerraSpec QualitySpec |
Identificação e análise de material, umidade, mineral, teor de carbono. Trégua de aterramento para técnicas espectroscópicas aéreas e por satélite. |
|
PFTNA |
CNA |
Análise elementar em linha |
|
|
XRD-C |
Aeris Empyrean |
Refinamento da estrutura do cristal molecular, identificação e quantificação de fase cristalina, relação de cristalino com amorfo, análise de tamanho de cristalito |
|
|
XRD-M |
Empyrean X’Pert3 MRD(XL) |
Tensão residual, textura |
|
|
XRD-CT |
Empyrean |
Imagens 3D de sólidos, porosidade e densidade |
|
|
SAXS |
Empyrean |
Tamanho, forma e estrutura de nanopartículas |
|
|
GISAXS |
Dispersão de raios X de pequeno ângulo com incidência oblíqua |
Empyrean |
Filmes finos e superfícies nanoestruturados |
|
HR-XRD |
Empyrean X’Pert3 MRD(XL) |
Filmes finos e multicamadas epitaxiais, composição, deformação, espessura, qualidade |
|
|
XRR |
Empyrean X’Pert3 MRD(XL) |
Filmes finos e superfícies, espessura do filme, rugosidade da superfície e da interface |
|
|
XRF |
Epsilon Zetium Axios FAST 2830 ZT |
Composição elementar, concentração elementar, elementos traço, detecção de contaminantes |