| 00:00:00 | The relationship between particle size, shape and particle entry to the lungs |
| 00:01:51 | The relationship between particle size, shape and particle entry to the lungs |
| 00:02:09 | Overview |
| 00:03:06 | Abstract |
| 00:03:31 | “Dust to Dust” – opening obligatory quotation |
| 00:04:13 | Leonardo da Vinci – good guy? |
| 00:05:01 | The needle-pointing industry |
| 00:05:57 | J H Abrahams Magnetic shard removal |
| 00:06:49 | Mr. A Westcott Transactions of the Royal Society Vol XLII (1823-1824) |
| 00:07:50 | M Bailey et al Proposed Updating of the ICRP Human Respiratory Tract Model http://www.irpa12.org.ar/fullpapers/FP0947.pdf |
| 00:09:09 | History |
| 00:10:35 | Task Group on Lung Dynamics |
| 00:11:24 | The 1966 model From: B O Stuart “Deposition and Clearance of Inhaled Particles” Environmental Health Perspectives, 55, 369 - 390 (1984) |
| 00:11:51 | Prediction of deposition Task Group on Lung Dynamics (1966) |
| 00:13:20 | Standard graph – Norman Davies Faber and Faber (1954) “Dust is Dangerous” |
| 00:14:09 | Chiu-sen Wang “A brief history of respiratory deposition modeling” Chapter 15 in Ensor (Editor) |
| 00:14:58 | What are the factors influencing where particulates are deposited? |
| 00:16:47 | Deposition of particles in the lungs |
| 00:16:59 | Interception |
| 00:17:48 | Impaction |
| 00:19:12 | Impaction |
| 00:20:04 | Sedimentation |
| 00:21:00 | Terminal velocity |
| 00:21:45 | Diffusion |
| 00:22:32 | Diffusion coefficient |
| 00:23:21 | Brownian motion and sedimentation |
| 00:24:11 | Standard graph – adapted from Clive Washington Particle Size Analysis In Pharmaceutics And Other Industries: Theory And Practice Ellis Horwood (1992) |
| 00:24:57 | Standard Graph – Form 3 |
| 00:25:53 | Issue 1… |
| 00:26:47 | Issue 2 |
| 00:28:03 | Issue 3 |
| 00:29:13 | Adhesion forces - dry milling Theoretical limit of a ball mill |
| 00:29:57 | Aerodynamic diameter |
| 00:30:52 | O G Raabe “Aerosol Aerodynamic Size Conventions For Inertial Sampler Calibration” Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association 26(9), 856 – 860, (September 1976) |
| 00:31:21 | Fuller picture |
| 00:31:46 | It’s all about flow in a fluid stream… |
| 00:32:42 | C N Davies – 3 figures |
| 00:33:17 | Overview of last slide |
| 00:33:43 | W E Cooke “Fibrosis of the lungs due to inhalation of asbestos dust” The British Medical Journal 147 – 148 (July 26th, 1924) |
| 00:34:36 | Nellie Kershaw |
| 00:35:00 | So long thin particles can penetrate the lungs |
| 00:35:33 | Why can 400mm long particles get in? The length is not so important – it’s the cross-sectional area that counts |
| 00:36:46 | Classic shape parameters need understanding |
| 00:37:53 | Sturm http://benthamscience.com/open/tolcj/articles/V002/1TOLCJ.pdf |
| 00:38:36 | R Sturm, W Hofmann “A computer program for the simulation of fiber deposition in the human respiratory tract” Computers in Biology and Medicine, 36, 1252–1267, (2006) |
| 00:39:08 | Brian H Kaye A Random Walk Through Fractal Dimensions VCH page 102 (1989) |
| 00:39:42 | Respirability |
| 00:40:29 | The Onion September 11, 1996 - September 17, 1996 Issue 30•05 |
| 00:40:44 | Growth in size with moisture |
| 00:42:01 | Ensor Chapter 2 Friedlander, S. K., & Hidy, G. M. (1969). New concepts in aerosol size spectrum theory. In Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Condensation and Ice Nuclei. Prague: Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences |
| 00:42:21 | Smoking (No smoke without fear?) Harry S Truman “ Columbus brought syphilis to the Indians and they gave him tobacco. It is doubtful which is worse” Quoted in: Alton Ochsner “Smoking and Health” 5th Printing Julian Messner Inc., (1962) page 81 |
| 00:43:37 | Industrial Maladies |
| 00:44:28 | Anthrax |
| 00:45:43 | Silicosis |
| 00:46:58 | Cigarettes and asbestos |
| 00:47:31 | Therapeutic aerosols |
| 00:48:12 | Dry Powder Inhaler Formulation Martin J Telko and Anthony J Hickey |
| 00:48:56 | What techniques do we have to measure some of the key parameters? Another webinar…… |
| 00:49:33 | The Future |
| 00:50:20 | Untitled |
| 00:51:09 | References |
| 00:52:16 | C N Davies – everything! |
| 00:53:32 | Charles Norman Davies |
| 00:53:57 | Saliva – “Dust is Dangerous” C N Davies Faber and Faber (1954) Facing page 89 So is saliva… After the webinar? |
| 00:54:18 | Thank you! |
| 00:55:15 | Contact Information |
Industrial diseases such as silicosis and asbestosis, the dangers of smoking as well as therapeutic drug inhalation products are fundamentally tied to the particle size and shape of the particles that can enter the lungs.