| 00:00:00 | Untitled |
| 00:00:39 | Ultrasound, cavitation and the singing kettle |
| 00:00:46 | Abstract |
| 00:01:07 | What is ultrasound? |
| 00:02:04 | So why does a kettle make noise as the water comes to a boil? |
| 00:02:41 | Theme developed by Lord Rayleigh (John William Strutt) |
| 00:03:18 | Lord Rayleigh |
| 00:03:51 | Sir William Bragg |
| 00:04:19 | And developed in 1991… |
| 00:04:48 | Another problem |
| 00:06:03 | “HMS Daring” - The fastest ship of its day - 1893 |
| 00:06:25 | Parsons |
| 00:07:01 | Barnaby |
| 00:07:27 | Cavitation damage and cavitating propeller |
| 00:08:03 | Torpedo-Boat Destroyers |
| 00:08:37 | An aside…. |
| 00:09:24 | Lord Stokes’ review of Reynolds’ paper |
| 00:09:29 | Further review |
| 00:10:08 | Ultrasonic baths and probes and what they do |
| 00:11:18 | Expectations? |
| 00:12:16 | Types of ultrasonic bath – Santos et al |
| 00:13:19 | The ‘sweet spot’ in an ultrasonic bathFrom Santos et al |
| 00:14:17 | Probe shapesSantos et al |
| 00:14:50 | Probe shapesSonic Systems |
| 00:15:40 | Santos et alEffect of dissolved gases |
| 00:16:33 | Effect of shape of probeSantos et al |
| 00:17:05 | Effect of temperature on cavitation |
| 00:17:49 | The warmer the temperature the smaller the effectNew Scientist 2 May 1963 |
| 00:18:22 | Multiple probesAdapted from Santos et al |
| 00:18:48 | Hugo Miguel Santos, Carlos Lodeiro, José-Luis Capelo-Martínez Chapter 1 “The Power of Ultrasound” in “Ultrasound in Chemistry: Analytical Applications” Edited by José-Luis Capelo-Martínez WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co (2009) ISBN: 978-3-527-31934-3 |
| 00:19:39 | The energy released in bubble collapseLord Rayleigh |
| 00:20:01 | Sonoluminescence |
| 00:20:27 | Sonoluminescence |
| 00:20:32 | K R Weniger, B P Barber, S J Putterman “Pulsed Mie Scattering Measurements of the Collapse of a Sonoluminescing Bubble” Physical Review Letters 78(9) 1799 – 1802 (3 March 1997) |
| 00:20:46 | Grieser’s group |
| 00:21:08 | Speed of collapsing bubbleFaster than Mach 4……..1011g |
| 00:21:40 | Radius of collapsing bubble |
| 00:22:03 | Strength of adhesion |
| 00:22:47 | K S Suslick “The Chemical Effects of Ultrasound” Scientific American, 80-86, (February 1989) |
| 00:23:13 | 6-20-13 Simulation of cavitation bubble collapse - YouTube |
| 00:23:34 | 6-20-13 Simulation of cavitation bubble collapse - YouTube |
| 00:24:04 | The energy released in bubble collapseS J Doicrycz, K S Suslick “Interparticle Collisions Driven by Ultrasound” Science Vol. 247 1067-1069 (2nd March, 1990) |
| 00:24:58 | The temperature of cavitation E B Flint, K S Suslick Science 20 September 1991 1397-1399 |
| 00:25:21 | J Bałdygaa, Ł Makowskia, W Orciucha, C Sauterb, H P Schuchmann “Agglomerate dispersion in cavitating flows” 13th European Conference on Mixing London, (14-17 April 2009) |
| 00:25:50 | Can we expect damage for small material? |
| 00:26:29 | Why? |
| 00:27:01 | How can we check? |
| 00:28:05 | Can we measure the delivered power? |
| 00:28:47 | European programSee: http://tinyurl.com/bvgqjyf |
| 00:29:10 | Background |
| 00:29:53 | So, how much did this program cost taxpayers? |
| 00:30:12 | Air again… |
| 00:30:44 | Transfer of energy into systemWe’ve dealt with this in the earlier SlideData.... |
| 00:31:43 | Energy input |
| 00:32:43 | The Malvern units |
| 00:33:20 | Mastersizer Transducers |
| 00:33:35 | Speeding up the dispersion process: Schott glass |
| 00:34:04 | Direct Power Measurement3-ways |
| 00:34:33 | Heating effect |
| 00:34:56 | Direct Power Measurement |
| 00:35:17 | National Physical Laboratory (NPL), UK |
| 00:35:34 | National Physical Laboratory (NPL), UK |
| 00:36:11 | National Physical Laboratory (NPL), UK |
| 00:36:47 | What do I need to think about and define before I even attempt a particle size measurement? |
| 00:37:28 | A more efficient way? |
| 00:38:05 | Wet - theoretical and practical plots |
| 00:39:06 | Development of SOP - wet |
| 00:39:43 | Microsilica – sonication to stability |
| 00:40:18 | Untitled |
| 00:40:38 | MicrosilicaExcel |
| 00:41:01 | References |
| 00:41:41 | ASTM |
| 00:41:56 | General text |
| 00:42:19 | Summary |
| 00:43:15 | Thank you! |
| 00:43:52 | Contact Information |
This presentation deals with the application of ultrasound energy frequently used to 'disperse' powdered samples in suspension and with the difficulties of specifying the absolute energy input in such systems.